![]() ![]() The maritime aspect of the trade was dominated by the Austronesian peoples in Southeast Asia, namely the ancient Indonesian sailors who established routes from Southeast Asia to Sri Lanka and India (and later China) by 1500 BC. These spices found their way into the Near East before the beginning of the Christian era, with fantastic tales hiding their true sources. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, nutmeg, star anise, clove, and turmeric were known and used in antiquity and traded in the Eastern World. The spice trade involved historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. ![]() 1453, which spurred the Age of Discovery and European Colonialism. 1090, causing the Crusades, and by the Ottoman Empire c. Historic international commerce European access to the economically important Silk Road (Red) and spice trade routes (blue) was blocked by the Seljuk Empire c. ![]()
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